Group polarization in the team dictator game reconsidered

While most papers on team decision-making find that teams behave more selfishly, less trustingly and less altruistically than individuals, Cason and Mui (1997) report that teams are more altruistic than individuals in a dictator game. Using a within-subjects design we re-examine group polarization by letting subjects make individual as well as team decisions in an experimental dictator game. In our experiment teams are more selfish than individuals, and the most selfish team member has the strongest influence on team decisions. Various explanations for the different findings in Cason and Mui (1997) and in our paper are discussed.      

Enjoy the silence: an experiment on truth-telling

We analyze experimentally two sender–receiver games with conflictive preferences. In the first game, the sender can choose to tell the truth, to lie, or to remain silent. The latter strategy is costly. In the second game, the receiver must decide additionally whether or not to costly punish the sender after having observed the history of the game. We investigate the existence of two kinds of social preferences: lying aversion and preference for truth-telling. In the first game, senders tell the truth more often than predicted by the sequential equilibrium analysis, they remain silent frequently, and there exists a positive correlation between the probability of being truthful and the probability of remaining silent. Our main experimental result for the extended game shows that those subjects who punish the sender with a high probability after being deceived are precisely those who send fewer but more truthful messages. Finally, we solve for the Perfect Bayesian Nash Equilibria of a reduced form of the baseline game with two types of senders. The equilibrium predictions obtained suggest that the observed excessive truth-telling in the baseline game can be explained by lying aversion but not by a preference for truth-telling.

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Electronic Supplementary Material  The online version of this article () contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Financial support through the Ramón y Cajal program of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science is gratefully acknowledged. This work was initiated while the author was working at Maastricht University.     

马克思恩格斯对近代中国的论述

马克思和恩格斯19世纪五六十年代对当时中国进行了深刻的观察和评论,论述包括经济、政治等多个方面。他们批判了英国对中国发动的侵略战争,针对近代中国的状况,马恩对中国革命曾给予厚望,但十多年的中国革命并没有改变中国,他们认为开放是中国的唯一出路。     

湖北现代服务业发展的现实选择

现代服务业是现代通信、信息技术与现代经营管理方式相结合的产物,已成为发达国家参与国际竞争的核心产业,更是我国从经济大国迈向经济强国的战略性产业。从现代服务业的概念及发展特征入手,结合湖北的具体实际,提出了湖北发展现代服务业的对策思路。     

对我国学术社团现代转型的若干思考

我国学术社团有其与国内外其它非政府、非营利组织不同的特点,这种特点主要表现为在中国革命和建设历程中形成的独特的意识形态功能。与其它民间社团一样,我国学术社团还处于初级发展阶段,无论是外部环境,还是内部治理,都存在着许多急待解决的问题。贯彻落实科学发展观和转变经济发展方式,对于我国学术社团是一个新的发展机遇。推动我国学术社团现代转型,重在优化环境和完善规制,并确立相应的工作意识,走法治化、规范化的发展道路。     

The impact of the UK's Modern Slavery Act (2015) on the disclosure of FTSE 100 companies

This paper explores the impact of the UK's Modern Slavery Act (2015) on the disclosure of the FTSE100 companies. It conducts a content analysis of modern slavery disclosures in the modern slavery statements, annual reports, and sustainability reports from 2013 to 2019. By utilising the framework by the Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, Practical Guidance by the Home Office and the Global Reporting Initiative, we assess the extent and quality of modern slavery disclosures. Our analysis reveals a high level of compliance to the Act's minimum disclosure requirements. We also note an increase in the extent and quality of disclosures following the introduction of the Act, although quality remains low throughout the period as symbolic disclosure is predominantly in evidence. Drawing on normativity theory we identify intrinsic and contextual conditions for norm development. We find that while the presence of intrinsic conditions has positively contributed to the extent and quality of some disclosure themes, the lack of controllability and communication with suppliers has undermined related disclosure provision and constitutes a major hurdle for improving accountability in supply chains.     

Exploring effectiveness of entity actions to eliminate modern slavery risk – Early Australian evidence

The need for entities to eliminate the unethical and illegal practice of modern slavery in their operations and supply chains has led different jurisdictions to require large entities to report on how they assess the effectiveness of actions taken. In Australia, to build awareness of practices for internal and external stakeholders, the Australian Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth) mandates annual reporting in modern slavery statements and provides guidance as to how effectiveness of actions might be reported on. Based on theories/frameworks/models from literature addressing organisational effectiveness, an inductive analysis is conducted on the first 255 modern slavery statements published on the Australian Modern Slavery Register. Results indicate great diversity in approaches to reporting on effectiveness of actions, ranging from a total lack of reporting, through basic compliance, to going beyond compliance. The observations are used to develop a comprehensive framework for assessment of organisational effectiveness and an assessment of the extent to which current effectiveness theories/frameworks/models can guide future developments. The paper suggests adoption of the proposed framework can lead entities to improved transparency and validation of the effectiveness of their actions, as an important first step towards elimination of modern slavery in their supply chains.     

担保物权制度改革与企业劳动力结构北大核心

本文以《物权法》出台为标志的担保物权制度改革为准自然实验情境,考察资本市场制度建设对企业劳动力结构的影响。结果发现:相比固定资产占比较高企业,固定资产占比较低企业在改革后高技能劳动力增长显著更多、高技能员工在全体员工中占比显著提高。机制检验表明,担保物权制度改革通过加大企业的先进机器设备投资及研发活动进而影响了劳动力结构,特别是对改革前信贷可获得性较低或融资约束较高的企业更明显,这使担保物权制度改革、资本技能互补及企业劳动力结构间的逻辑关系得以进一步增强。横截面差异检验发现,法律制度环境较差地区企业以及成长机会较高企业,其劳动力结构更可能受《物权法》影响。最后,担保物权制度改革对企业劳动力结构的改变能提高其全要素生产率及盈利能力。本文从劳动力结构视角为识别《物权法》实施后果提供了证据支持,对于理解法律制度建设的经济效益、破解我国劳动力市场难题具有启示意义。     

中国大规模减税降费的政治经济学诠释

文章是对我国2016-2020年"大规模减税降费"的一次总结和分析，试图通过对大规模减税降费实施的背景、有关企业税负问题的全国大讨论以及政治决策过程的回顾和梳理，运用政治经济学和财政学的方法，对减税降费系列举措组合拳的作用机理及实施效果进行理论诠释与经验总结。实证和思辨分析的结果表明，大规模减税是马克思主义政治经济学中国化的重要理论和实践成果，是与中国传统的"轻税主义"思想文化的有机契合，有助于从理论和实践两个方面加深对中国式现代化国家治理体系建构过程的认识和推进。     

The role of market devices in addressing labour exploitation: An analysis of the Australian cleaning industry

This study examines how the risk of labour standards noncompliance can be rendered calculable and commensurable through a market device. We present a case study of the Cleaning Accountability Framework (CAF), an industry certification scheme, which seeks to address labour exploitation in the Australian contract cleaning industry. We pay particular attention to the central device of the certification scheme – the pricing schedule. We examine how the pricing schedule shaped the calculative space informing contracting parties during the procurement process. In doing so, the pricing schedule increased transparency around the potential risk of labour standards noncompliance. The nature of this transparency and the perceived objectivity of the pricing schedule acted to reshape the market for contract cleaning, resulting in a redistribution of accountability for labour exploitation. We also examine how the pricing schedule formed part of a wider framework of accountability, and how these mechanisms enabled strategic co-enforcement of labour standards compliance by supply chain stakeholders. Overall, our study indicates the potential for accounting practices to play a more active role in shaping how markets address modern slavery risks.